Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools Vol.31 362-370 October 2000.
© American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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Classroom Acoustics for Children With Normal Hearing and With Hearing Impairment

Carl C. Crandell 1
Joseph J. Smaldino 2
1 University of Florida, Gainesville
2 University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls

crandell{at}csd.ufl.edu

Past investigations demonstrate that the acoustical environment of a classroom is a critical factor in the academic, psychoeducational, and psychosocial achievement of children with normal hearing and with hearing impairment. This article examines several acoustical variables, such as noise, reverberation, and speaker-listener distance, which can deleteriously affect speech perception in classrooms. Moreover, the discussion examines the effects of these variables on the speech perception abilities of both children with normal hearing and children with hearing loss. Finally, appropriate acoustical criteria are suggested for children in educational settings.

KEY WORDS: noise, reverberation, speaker-listener distance, speech perception, psychoeducational/psychosocial achievement

Submitted on September 27, 1999
Accepted on June 30, 2000


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